Breast Conservative Surgery
-The tumor is removed along with adjacent normal breast tissue ( what is called safety margin) to ensure complete removal of the tumor tissue from the breast.
-The excised tissue is examined at the time of the operation by the Pathologist.
Modified radical Mastectomy:
-This operation includes the removal of all of the breast tissue with the overlying skin together with the nipple and areola.
Axillary Lymph node surgery
-To know whether the tumor has spread to the nearby lymph nodes, a procedure called sentinel node biopsy is performed.
-The Sentinel nodes are the first group of nodes that the cancer cells should reach if it spread from the tumor in the breast.
-They can be identified using certain dyes or radioactive material.
-The identified nodes are examined at the time of the operation by the Pathologist. According to the result, more lymph nodes may need to be removed.
-If the lymph nodes are already known to harbor cancer cells, then all the lymph nodes under the armpit are removed.